Knee Cartilage
Demo Author One
Cartilage repair options for lasting joint health
A practical overview of cartilage repair, injection therapy, rehabilitation planning, and the clinical evidence that guides joint preservation care.
Ankle Arthritis
Ankle arthritis causes progressive pain, stiffness, and swelling that limits walking and activity. Most ankle arthritis is post-traumatic, developing after a previous injury, and there are more treatment options available than many patients realise.
Reviewed byProf Paul Lee MBBch, FRCS (Tr & Orth), PhDLast reviewed 1 May 2026
Understanding ankle arthritis
The ankle is a weight-bearing joint with a small, highly congruent cartilage surface. When arthritis develops, it affects every step.
- Start-up stiffness that eases with movement but worsens with activity.
- Swelling around the ankle joint, particularly after prolonged standing or walking.
- Reduced range of motion affecting gait, stairs, and uneven ground.
Treatment options
Treatment is guided by the stage of arthritis, your symptoms, and your activity goals.
- Injection therapy (steroid, HA, PRP) to manage pain and inflammation.
- Biological treatments (mFat, BMAC) to support cartilage preservation.
- Arthroscopic debridement to remove loose bodies and bone spurs.
- Fusion or replacement reserved for end-stage disease after other options exhausted.
At London Cartilage Clinic, we focus on preserving ankle movement for as long as possible using the full range of available treatments.
You may have more options than you think
Most patients have more treatment options than they have been told
At London Cartilage Clinic we follow a structured clinical framework across four areas of treatment. Before recommending a single procedure, we assess which combination of approaches gives you the best outcome.
Preserve
Protect what you have. Slow degeneration and manage symptoms.
Repair
Fix specific damage. Torn tissue, unstable joints, structural problems.
Regenerate
Rebuild lost tissue. Biological treatments that stimulate new growth.
Replace
When other options are exhausted. Joint replacement as a last resort.
Explore the full range of treatments available for your joint. Each hub page shows every option we offer, organised by clinical approach.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes ankle arthritis?
Unlike knee and hip arthritis which are often age-related, ankle arthritis is most commonly post-traumatic, developing after a previous fracture, severe sprain, or ligament injury. Primary osteoarthritis of the ankle is less common.
What non-surgical treatments are available?
Options include activity modification, supportive footwear, physiotherapy, steroid injections, hyaluronic acid injections, PRP, and biological treatments such as mFat. These aim to manage pain, reduce inflammation, and preserve the remaining cartilage.
When is ankle fusion or replacement considered?
Fusion (arthrodesis) or ankle replacement is considered for end-stage arthritis when non-surgical options no longer provide adequate relief. Fusion eliminates joint pain but removes ankle movement. Replacement preserves some motion but has specific indications.
Can ankle arthritis be slowed down?
Addressing instability, managing inflammation, and supporting the cartilage biologically can slow progression. The earlier treatment begins, the more options are available to preserve the joint.
Still have more specific concerns?
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